Children infected and affected by HIV and AIDS are vulnerable in almost all aspects of their lives. They are more vulnerable and they face greater challenges to their psychosocial well-being compared to other children of the same age. As a result of HIV-related mortalities in Bangladesh many children have lost a parent due to HIV and AIDS, and there are also many children who have HIV-positive parents. This paper examines the government's level of commitment to address issues facing children affected by HIV/AIDS and assesses whether appropriate policies and strategies are in place addressing their needs. It also evaluates particular strengths, weaknesses and gaps in the National Strategic Plan (NSP) for HIV/AIDS and child protection policy, planning and program efforts on the vulnerability of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This review demonstrates that children living with HIV- positive parents need support services in a wide range of areas, including economic, emotional and legal protection. One way to reach children early is to link programs for children affected by AIDS with care and support programs for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The article emphasises not only the importance of understanding the vulnerability of children within a broader family context, but a continuing requirement for public health planners to integrate more fully the diverse needs of children and families into national children's policies and plans as well as in the NSP for HIV/AIDS. Evidence suggests that interventions need to be adopted with the aim of improving the psychosocial well-being of children affected by HIV and AIDS. In conclusion, despite its limitations, the present study indicates the need for creating mechanisms for more properly assessing the magnitude of children affected by HIV/AIDS epidemic and relevant conditions for their adequate care.