Though the process of human reproduction is an age-old phenomenon and has been going on since antiquity, concern over reproductive right and health is relatively recent one. International instruments and national documents now recognise reproductive rights and nations are committed to ensure and promote reproductive rights of every individual of its people. A host of genetic, economic, hereditary, biological, cultural and social factors affect people's reproductive health status and the prospects of promoting reproductive rights. Researches in the area of reproductive rights seem to be narrowly focused on contraceptive acceptance and use and fertility reduction. This paper focuses on the predominant socio-economic factors that shape people's, especially women's, reproductive rights and health status. In so doing, this paper aims at bridging the gaps between in reproductive health and rights research in Bangladesh and public policy- making.